by

by is a Preposition

Definition:

[1] In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton.

[2] On; along; in traversing. Compare 5. Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden. By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope.

[3] Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.

[4] Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.

[5] Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].

[6] With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.